Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) have been a significant public health concern for years, affecting millions worldwide yearly. These injuries can devastate individuals and their families, causing long-term physical, cognitive, and emotional issues. TBIs can be caused by many things, such as car crashes, falls, assaults, and sports-related head trauma. While most of these injuries occur in people ages 15 to 24, they can impact all ages. Some TBIs can be so severe that they result in death. A mild injury can cause long-lasting problems, such as headaches, memory loss, or light/sound sensitivity.
TBIs can be categorized as “penetrating” or “non-penetrating.” Penetrating TBI occurs when an object penetrates the skull and enters brain tissue. Non-penetrating TBI is characterized by swelling in the brain or damage to the surrounding tissues that do not penetrate the skull. Some of the most severe TBIs involve both types of damage.
When someone receives a blow to the head, they must immediately seek medical attention. Head trauma can lead to a TBI, and some can have severe complications. If a person is suspected of having a TBI, doctors will use tests to help determine the severity. These may include CT or MRI scans, bloodwork, and a neurological exam. They will also take into account any other health issues the person has, including the presence of seizures.
If a person is diagnosed with a TBI, they will likely be placed in a coma. This is done because an unconscious brain needs less oxygen to function. Doctors will also use drugs to keep the brain hydrated and remove clots in the brain. They can also drain the excess fluid or create a window in the skull to reduce pressure on swollen brain tissue.
Although TBIs can be fatal, most people will survive their injuries. These survivors will need rehabilitation to regain their abilities, such as walking and talking. They may also need to learn how to manage daily activities.
Some of the most devastating TBIs are secondary injuries that develop hours, days, or weeks after the initial head trauma. These symptoms result from the body’s reaction to the initial injury. They can have various effects, from short-term problems like headaches or memory loss to long-lasting issues such as depression or anxiety.
TBIs are preventable in many ways, such as wearing a helmet while participating in higher-risk activities. Other prevention measures include:
Using safety gates and railings on stairs or tubs.
Avoiding unsafe playground equipment.
Installing childproof locks.
In addition, it is essential never to shake a baby, as this can cause the brain to swell and lead to lifelong disabilities.
While there is no way to cure TBI completely, researchers continue working toward better treatments for the symptoms and complications that occur after an injury. However, the most effective treatment remains for preventing TBIs.